What is Tamagui? Unifying Cross-Platform UI Development

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Mohammed Sohail
Senior Full-stack Developer
A developer next to the Tamagui logo

Creating consistent and performant user interfaces across different devices and platforms has long been challenging in cross-platform app development. Mobile developers often struggle with maintaining consistent user experiences, duplicating code, and managing the complexities of separate codebases for web and mobile. 

Several existing tools and frameworks aim to simplify cross-platform UI development, including React Native Paper, NativeBase, and React Native Elements for React Native for the web, and Flutter and Ionic for mobile apps. However, there is still room for improvement in terms of unifying web and mobile development under a single codebase.

Existing tools and frameworks to simplify cross-platform development on web and mobile

Tamagui is a relatively new framework that aims to address this challenge with a unified approach to building user interfaces for both web and mobile using React Native. By combining a powerful styling library, an optimizing compiler, and a universal component kit, Tamagui offers a comprehensive and innovative solution for cross-platform UI development.

In this article, we’ll examine Tamagui, its key features, ecosystem, and potential benefits. We’ll also compare it to more established alternatives in the cross-platform UI development landscape. We will also examine how it can transform your cross-platform development workflow while considering its relative maturity compared to more established frameworks. First, let’s examine the key challenges of cross-platform development

Table Of Contents

The Challenges of Cross-Platform App Development

A visual representation of UI differences on web, iOS, and android devices

One of the primary issues with cross-platform development is inconsistent user experiences across different platforms. Ensuring a consistent UI design and performance across various devices can be daunting, especially when dealing with complex user interfaces. 

Developers often need to maintain separate codebases for each platform, leading to duplicated efforts and increased development time. This duplication not only adds to your team’s workload, but also introduces the ongoing challenge of keeping the codebases in sync and up-to-date with the latest platform-specific updates. Moreover, enforcing a cohesive design system across multiple platforms becomes a significant challenge. Implementing consistent branding, typography, and visual elements while adhering to platform-specific guidelines requires extra effort and coordination.

Together, this can result in a fragmented user experience and increased development costs, making cross-platform development a complex endeavor that underscores the necessity of robust frameworks like Tamagui.

What are the Key Features of Tamagui? 

A screenshot of Tamagui's home page with its key value proposition

Tamagui is a React-based open-source UI kit and design system that aims to simplify and unify the development of cross-platform applications. At its core, Tamagui offers a collection of pre-built UI components that are composable, reusable, and easily customizable. These components, such as buttons, forms, and navigation elements, can be quickly combined and styled using Tamagui’s intuitive theming system. This approach allows developers to create complex user interfaces with minimal effort while maintaining a cohesive design language throughout their applications.

Optimizing Compiler: Improving Runtime and Reducing Bundle Sizes

One of the key features of Tamagui is its optimizing compiler, which analyzes and optimizes the application’s code and styles. This compiler helps to improve runtime performance and reduce bundle sizes, resulting in faster load times and a smoother user experience. By automating optimization tasks, Tamagui enables developers to focus on building features and functionality rather than worrying about performance tweaks.

Tamagui also supports advanced UI features like cross-platform animations, responsive styles, and CSS-like capabilities. These features allow developers to create rich, interactive user interfaces that adapt seamlessly to different screen sizes and devices.

Reduce Development Time and Code Duplication

One of the primary goals of Tamagui is to unify the development experience across React Native and web platforms. Tamagui allows developers to write code once and deploy it to multiple platforms with minimal modifications by providing a consistent set of components, APIs, and styling tools. This approach reduces code duplication, improves maintainability, and accelerates development. Tamagui’s optimizing compiler ensures the application performs well on native and web environments without sacrificing developer productivity or user experience.

As an open-source project, Tamagui benefits from a strong community of developers contributing to its growth and improvement. This collaborative approach ensures that the framework remains up-to-date, responsive to the needs of its users, and continuously evolves to address the challenges of cross-platform development.

The Tamagui Ecosystem: Core Packages

The Tamagui ecosystem comprises three core packages: @tamagui/core, @tamagui/static, and tamagui. Each package serves a specific purpose in the development of cross-platform applications.

Comparison between Tamagui Core Packages including Tamagui/core, Tamagui/static and Tamagui

@tamagui/core: The Foundation for Styling and Component Creation

@tamagui/core is the foundation of the Tamagui ecosystem, providing a styling and component library for creating visually consistent and customizable user interfaces. It extends React Native’s styling API with features like shorthand props, themes, and design tokens. With @tamagui/core, developers can create styled components using a simple and intuitive syntax, making it easy to maintain a consistent visual style across an application. Here is a simple example showing how a button component can be styled:

In addition to styling individual components, @tamagui/core allows the creation of custom component libraries with theme support, enabling developers to build their reusable UI components that adhere to the overall design system, promoting code reuse and maintainability.

@tamagui/static: Optimizing Performance with Build-Time Compilation

@tamagui/static is an optimizing compiler that enhances the performance of Tamagui applications. It analyzes the application code and styles, extracting and hoisting them at build time. By performing these optimizations, @tamagui/static reduces the runtime overhead associated with styling and improves the application’s overall performance. The compiler also optimizes the React component trees, resulting in faster rendering and a more responsive user interface.

Integrating @tamagui/static into the build process is straightforward. The integration guide and installation instructions are all in the Tamagui documentation. The compiler seamlessly integrates with popular build tools like Webpack, Vite, and Turbopack, making it easy to incorporate into existing development workflows. By leveraging the optimizing compiler, developers can achieve better performance without sacrificing the flexibility and expressiveness of their code.

The compiler offers four main features:

  1. Extracts all types of styling syntax into atomic CSS.
  2. Removes a high percentage of inline styles with partial evaluation and hoisting.
  3. Reduces tree depth, flattening expensive styled components into div or View.
  4. Evaluates useMedia and useTheme hooks, turning logical expressions into media queries and CSS variables.

The result is smaller bundles, better runtime performance, and increased usage of native primitives on the web. Tamagui has been shown to improve rendering performance compared to other cross-platform UI libraries significantly. In benchmarks, Tamagui achieved rendering times as low as 0.02ms on the web and 108ms on native platforms, outperforming libraries like React Native Web, Dripsy, and NativeBase.

Tamagui rendering times compared with React Native and NativeBase

tamagui: A Comprehensive Component Kit for Rapid UI Development

tamagui is a comprehensive component kit that provides a wide range of pre-built and customizable UI components. These components cover various aspects of user interface design, such as layout, typography, forms, and navigation. Tamagui offers both styled and unstyled versions of these components, allowing developers to choose between using the default styles or customizing them to match their design requirements. 

Here is how to use the “Button” component:

The tamagui package is designed to be theme-able and extensible, allowing developers to create their own custom components that seamlessly integrate with the existing Tamagui components.

Together, these three packages form the core of the Tamagui ecosystem, providing developers with a robust set of tools to create cross-platform applications easily. @tamagui/core lays the foundation for styling and component creation, @tamagui/static optimizes the application for improved performance, and tamagui offers a rich library of pre-built components to accelerate development.

Building UIs with Tamagui Components

Tamagui offers a wide range of pre-built components, including layout components like `XStack`, `YStack`, and `ZStack` for flexible layouts, typography components such as `Text` and `Paragraph` for text styling, and form components like `Button`, `Input`, and `Select` for user input handling. Tamagui also provides utility components like `Spacer` and `VisuallyHidden` to enhance UI composition. A complete list of available components can be found in the Tamagui documentation.

Here’s an example of using the `YStack` component to create a vertically stacked layout:

Tamagui components are highly customizable using props and themes. Props allow developers to modify the appearance and behavior of components, such as setting the background color, padding, or border radius. Tamagui’s theme system enables the creation of reusable design tokens and consistent styling across the entire application. By leveraging themes, developers can easily update the look and feel of their app with minimal code changes.

Tamagui also supports the creation of custom components that seamlessly integrate with the existing component library. Developers can use the `styled` function to create new components based on existing ones or build custom components from scratch using Tamagui’s styling and theming APIs. Here is an example showing a custom card component created by extending the built-in YStack component:

Developers can rapidly build visually appealing and consistent user interfaces by leveraging Tamagui’s extensive component library, customization options, and theming capabilities. Creating custom components further enhances flexibility and allows for unique design requirements to be met while still benefiting from Tamagui’s performance optimizations and cross-platform compatibility.

Getting Started with Tamagui in Your Project

Adopting Tamagui in your projects is a straightforward process that can be done incrementally. For new projects, the easiest way to get started is by using the starter template. The following command will prompt you to choose a starter template:

Tamagui starter template for new projects

You will be presented with several options, such as:

  • Free: Expo + Next in a production-ready monorepo.
  • Takeout: Supported stack with more to start.
  • Expo Router (beta): Expo Router starter with Tamagui set up.
  • Learn: Vite + Webpack with Tamagui config from scratch.
  • Remix: Remix + Vite starter with Tamagui set up.

Select the template that best fits your needs to get a pre-configured setup that includes Tamagui.

Tamagui supports incremental adoption for existing codebases, allowing you to gradually replace individual components with Tamagui equivalents and migrate more styles over time. Tamagui components can be used alongside other React Native or web components, ensuring a smooth integration process. When structuring your Tamagui-based projects, organizing components, themes, and utilities modularly is recommended, using separate directories and barrel files for easy imports. You can customize Tamagui’s configuration in tamagui.config.ts, defining design tokens, breakpoints, and other project-specific settings.

Tamagui vs Flutter, Ionic, and Other React Native Libraries

Flutter, Ionic, and React Native are popular cross-platform frameworks for mobile app development, each with its own unique approach. Flutter uses the Dart language and compiles to native code, providing high performance and customizable widgets. Ionic leverages web technologies and relies on WebView for rendering, resulting in hybrid apps with potential performance limitations.

React Native, on the other hand, allows developers to build native mobile apps using JavaScript and React. It translates the JavaScript code into native components, offering better performance and access to native device features compared to hybrid apps.

Tamagui comes into play as a complementary tool for React Native and web development. It provides a unified styling system, an optimizing compiler, and pre-built UI components that work seamlessly across React Native and web. By leveraging Tamagui with React Native, developers can build high-performance mobile apps, with a native look and feel, simultaneously with web apps.

Tamagui vs React Native Paper, NativeBase and React Native Elements

When comparing Tamagui to other UI libraries for React Native, such as React Native Paper, NativeBase, and React Native Elements, there are some key differences to consider. These libraries provide pre-built UI components and styling options to streamline development, similar to Tamagui. However, Tamagui differentiates itself by offering a unified styling system that works across both React Native and web, as well as an optimizing compiler that enhances performance.

Tamagui’s focus on code optimization and its ability to flatten component trees sets it apart from other UI libraries. Additionally, Tamagui’s theming system and pre-built components are designed to work seamlessly together, providing a cohesive and customizable design system out of the box.

Limitations of Tamagui

While Tamagui aims to provide a performant and efficient solution for cross-platform UI development, there are some concerns and limitations. 

Limitations of Tamagui to consider when making the switch for cross-platform development

Benchmarks and Performance Comparisons are Limited

One of the main performance concerns is the potential overhead introduced by Tamagui’s abstractions and styling system compared to native React Native components. Although Tamagui’s optimizing compiler and styling system aims to mitigate this overhead, real-world performance needs further evaluation, and there needs to be more comprehensive benchmarks and performance comparisons.

Smaller User Base Than Established UI Frameworks

Tamagui is a relatively new framework with a smaller user base than established UI frameworks like React Native Paper, NativeBase, and React Native Elements. This limited adoption and community support may result in fewer third-party libraries, plugins, and resources available for Tamagui projects. Developers may also face challenges finding support and solutions for Tamagui-specific issues, as there are limited Stack Overflow questions and answers related to the framework.

Compatibility with the Latest React Native Versions

Compatibility with the latest React Native versions is another potential concern. Tamagui’s compatibility with newer React Native releases may lag behind, leading to delays in updating Tamagui to support the latest versions. This can result in potential incompatibilities or breaking changes when upgrading React Native in Tamagui projects.

Learning Curve Associated with Styling System and Abstractions

Developers familiar with React Native may face a learning curve when adopting Tamagui, as they need to adapt to its styling system and abstractions. Integrating Tamagui with existing codebases and tools may also present challenges, such as migrating existing React Native components and styles to Tamagui and ensuring compatibility with other libraries used in the project.

What Can We Expect for Tamagui’s Future?

Tamagui demonstrates significant potential. The project is actively maintained and regularly updated, with the core libraries continuously improved and enhanced. New features, components, and optimizations are added based on community feedback and requirements, keeping Tamagui relevant in the cross-platform UI development landscape.

So, what does the future of Tamagui look like? 

A Community That Will Continue to Grow

A key strength of Tamagui is the substantial contributions from its vibrant community and the founder, Nate Wienert. The Tamagui community actively participates in the development process by providing valuable feedback, reporting issues, and suggesting improvements. This collaborative approach ensures that Tamagui addresses the diverse needs of developers working on cross-platform projects. Nate Wienert’s involvement in the project’s development helps maintain its ongoing progress and stability.

A Range of Paid Packages to Support Varying Budgets

To further support developers and businesses using Tamagui, there are a range of paid official packages available. These paid packages offer additional value and resources to developers and businesses, enabling them to accelerate their development process, create visually appealing applications, and maintain consistency across their projects.

  1. Takeout: a paid starter kit with three pricing tiers
Tamagui Takeout Pricing Tiers

2. Bento: nicely designed components with three pricing tiers

Tamagui Bento Pricing Tiers

3. Studio: design system (Upcoming, pricing to be determined, early access at $50 / month by sponsoring @natew)

  • A comprehensive design system for Tamagui-based applications
  • Ensures consistency and coherence across different app screens and components
  • Provides a set of design guidelines, principles, and best practices
  • Streamlines the design process and improves collaboration between designers and developers

Price Adjustment Based on Regional Economic Conditions

It’s worth noting that Tamagui supports purchasing power parity, which means that the pricing of these packages may be adjusted based on the economic conditions of different regions, making them more accessible to developers and businesses worldwide.

Is Tamagui Right for Your Cross-Platform Project?

Tamagui equips developers with powerful tools for cross-platform UI development, allowing consistent and high-performance user interfaces for web and mobile using a single codebase. Its styling system, compiler, and component library streamline workflows and boost productivity.

Yet, given Tamagui’s relative newness, developers should thoroughly assess its suitability for their projects. Factors like the learning curve, community support, and long-term viability need careful consideration. If you’re contemplating Tamagui, dive into its documentation, experiment with its capabilities, and engage with the Tamagui community to decide if it matches your project goals and development style.

Originally published on Jun 12, 2024Last updated on Jul 2, 2024

Key Takeaways

What is Tamagui?

Tamagui is a cross-platform UI kit and design system that aims to simplify and unify the development of applications across web and mobile. At its core, Tamagui offers a collection of pre-built UI components that are composable, reusable, and easily customizable. These components, such as buttons, forms, and navigation elements, can be quickly combined and styled using Tamagui’s intuitive theming system. This approach allows developers to create complex user interfaces with minimal effort while maintaining a cohesive design language throughout their applications.

Is Tamagui any good?

Tamagui equips developers with powerful tools for cross-platform UI development, allowing consistent and high-performance user interfaces for web and mobile using a single codebase. Its styling system, compiler, and component library streamline workflows and boost productivity. Given Tamagui is a new tool, developers should thoroughly assess its suitability for their projects. Factors like the learning curve, community support, and long-term viability need careful consideration.

How does tamagui work?

When comparing UI libraries for React Native, Tamagui stands out for its unique features. Unlike other libraries such as React Native Paper, NativeBase, and React Native Elements, which provide pre-built UI components and styling options to streamline development, Tamagui offers a unified styling system that works seamlessly across both React Native and web. Additionally, Tamagui includes an optimizing compiler that enhances performance, setting it apart from the rest.

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